The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz w wersji do nauki angielskiego audiobook

W wersji do nauki angielskiego dotychczas ukazały się:

A Christmas Carol

Opowieść wigilijna

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

Alicja w Krainie Czarów

Anne of Green Gables

Ania z Zielonego Wzgórza

Christmas Stories

Opowiadania świąteczne

Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen

Baśnie Hansa Christiana Andersena

Fanny Hill. Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure

Wspomnienia kurtyzany

Frankenstein

Frankenstein

Peter and Wendy

Piotruś Pan

Pride and Prejudice

Duma i uprzedzenie

Short Stories by Edgar Allan Poe

Opowiadania Allana Edgara Poe

Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Collection

Opowiadania autora Wielkiego Gatsby’ego

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Part 1

Przygody Sherlocka Holmesa

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Part 2

Przygody Sherlocka Holmesa. Ciąg dalszy

The Blue Castle

Błękitny Zamek

The Great Gatsby

Wielki Gatsby

The Hound of the Baskervilles

Pies Baskerville’ów

The Picture of Dorian Gray

Portret Doriana Graya

The Secret Garden

Tajemniczy ogród

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Doktor Jekyll i pan Hyde

The Time Machine

Wehikuł czasu

The War of the Worlds

Wojna światów

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz

Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog)

Trzech panów w łódce (nie licząc psa)

Podążaj żółtą drogą…

Introduction

Folklore, legends, myths and fairy tales have followed childhood through the ages, for every healthy youngster has a wholesome and instinctive love for stories fantastic, marvelous and manifestly unreal. Thewinged fairies of Grimm and Andersen have brought more happiness to childish hearts than all other human creations.

Yet the old time fairy tale, having served for generations, may now be classed as “historical” in the children’s library; for the time has come for a series of newer “wonder tales” in which the stereotyped genie, dwarf and fairy are eliminated, together with all the horrible and blood-curdling incidentsdevised by their authors to point a fearsome moral to each tale. Modern education includes morality; therefore the modern child seeks only entertainment in its wonder tales and gladly dispenses with all disagreeable incident.

Having this thought in mind, the story of “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” was written solely to please children of today. It aspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are retained and the heartaches and nightmares are left out.

L. Frank Baum

Chicago, April, 1900.

1The Cyclone

Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer’s wife. Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty lookingcookstove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in another corner. There was no garret at all, and no cellar--except a small hole dug in the ground, called a cyclone cellar, where the family could go in case one of those great whirlwindsarose, mighty enough to crush any building in its path. It was reached by a trap door in the middle of the floor, from which a ladder led down into the small, dark hole.

When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached to the edge of the sky in all directions. The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass, with little cracks running through it. Even the grass was not green, for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until they were the same gray color to be seen everywhere. Once the house had been painted, but the sun blistered the paint and the rains washed it away, and now the house was as dull and gray as everything else.

When Aunt Em came there to live she was a young, pretty wife. The sun and wind had changed her, too. They had taken the sparkle from her eyes and left them a sober gray; they had taken the red from her cheeks and lips, and they were gray also. She was thin and gaunt, and never smiled now. When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child’s laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy’s voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.

Uncle Henry never laughed. He worked hard from morning till night and did not know what joy was. He was gray also, from his long beard to his rough boots, and he looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke.

It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings. Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkledmerrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. Toto played all day long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.

Today, however, they were not playing. Uncle Henry sat upon the doorstep and looked anxiously at the sky, which was even grayer than usual. Dorothy stood in the door with Toto in her arms, and looked at the sky too. Aunt Em was washing the dishes.

From the far north they heard a low wail of the wind, and Uncle Henry and Dorothy could see where the long grass bowed in waves before the coming storm. There now came a sharp whistling in the air from the south, and as they turned their eyes that way they saw ripples in the grass coming from that direction also.

Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.

“There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.

Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand.

“Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar!”

Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room there came a great shriek from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.

Then a strange thing happened.

The house whirled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.

The north and south winds met where the house stood, and made it the exact center of the cyclone. In the middle of a cyclone the air is generally still, but the great pressure of the wind on every side of the house raised it up higher and higher, until it was at the very top of the cyclone; and there it remained and was carried miles and miles away as easily as you could carry a feather.

It was very dark, and the wind howled horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few whirls around, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.

Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.

Once Toto got too near the open trap door, and fell in; and at first the little girl thought she had lost him. But soon she saw one of his ears sticking up through the hole, for the strong pressure of the air was keeping him up so that he could not fall. She crept to the hole, caught Toto by the ear, and dragged him into the room again, afterward closing the trap door so that no more accidents could happen.

Hour after hour passed away, and slowly Dorothy got over her fright; but she felt quite lonely, and the wind shrieked so loudly all about her that she nearly became deaf. At first she had wondered if she would be dashed to pieces when the house fell again; but as the hours passed and nothing terrible happened, she stopped worrying and resolved to wait calmly and see what the future would bring. At last she crawled over the swaying floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her.

In spite of the swaying of the house and the wailing of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.

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Zaznacz zdania prawdziwe literą T (True), a fałszywe literą F (False).

Uncle Henry was a wealthy farmer.

Dorothy’s parents were too poor to support Dorothy, so they left her with her aunt and uncle.

Aunt Em laughed quite often, but Uncle Henry never did.

Aunt Em was the first person to hide when the wind started.

During the disaster, Dorothy felt scared all the time.

O słowach

SŁOWOTWÓRSTWO

Hour after hour passed away, and slowly Dorothy got over her fright.

Fright to odpowiednik polskiego strach, lęk. W poniższej tabeli znajdziesz inne wyrazy pochodzące od tego rzeczownika.

Część mowy

Rzeczownik

Czasownik

Przymiotnik

Przymiotnik

Wyraz angielski

fright

frighten

frightening

frightened

Znaczenie polskie

strach, lęk

przerażać; nastraszyć

przerażający

przerażony; przestraszony

Przykład użycia

Mary started to shake with fright.

Mary zaczęła trząść się ze strachu.

The strange noise frightened me.

Dziwny hałas przestraszył mnie.

I think it was a frightening experience for you.

Myślę, że było to dla ciebie przerażające doświadczenie.

The children felt frightened when it began to get dark.

Dzieci poczuły się przestraszone, kiedy zaczęło się ściemniać.

Więcej słów

„… Dorothy, who was an orphan…”

Bohaterka książki była sierotą (orphan) przygarniętą przez wujostwo. Poniżej znajdziesz kilka wyrazów związanych z osieroceniem, adopcją i relacjami rodzinnymi:

orphanage

–

sierociniec

children’s home

–

dom dziecka

foster parent

–

rodzic zastępczy; opiekun

foster mother

–

przybrana matka

foster father

–

przybrany ojciec

foster family

–

rodzina zastępcza

foster sister/brother

–

przybrana siostra/przybrany brat

foster care

–

opieka w rodzinie zastępczej

adopt a child

–

adoptować dziecko

adopted child

–

adoptowane dziecko

step-mother

–

macocha

step-father

–

ojczym

step-brother/step-sister

–

brat przyrodni/siostra przyrodnia

Gramatyka

PAST SIMPLE (czas przeszły prosty)

Czasu Past Simple używamy, mówiąc o wydarzeniach z przeszłości. Aby utworzyć formę przeszłą czasownika, do czasowników regularnych dodajemy do ich formy podstawowej końcówkę „-ed” (jeśli czasownik zakończony jest na spółgłoskę) lub końcówkę „-d” (jeśli ostatnią literą w formie podstawowej jest „e”), np.:

I walked into the room.

Wszedłem do pokoju.

The robber escaped before the police arrived.

Złodziej uciekł, zanim przybyła policja.

Jeśli podstawowa forma czasownika kończy się samogłoską „y”, np. carry (nieść), literę „y” zastępujemy „i” i dodajemy końcówkę „-ed”, np.:

He carried a heavy box.

Niósł ciężkie pudełko.

Mathew married Helen ten years ago.

Mathew poślubił Helen dziesięć lat temu.

W języku angielskim istnieje również wiele czasowników nieregularnych, których form trzeba nauczyć się na pamięć. Do czasowników tych należą na przykład take (czas przeszły: took), break (czas przeszły: broke) czy go (czas przeszły: went).

Czasownik to be (być) w czasie Past Simple odmienia się następująco:

I was

you were

he / she / it was

we were

you were

they were

Schemat zdania twierdzącego w czasie przeszłym prostym wygląda następująco:

Podmiot

Czasownik w formie Past Simple

Reszta zdania

Mary

opened

the letter.

My parents

left

home at nine o’clock.

We

were

at the airport.

Przeczenia w czasie Past Simple tworzymy według następującego schematu:

Podmiot

did not/didn’t

Czasownik w formie podstawowej

Reszta zdania

Mary

didn’t

open

the letter.

My parents

didn’t

leave

home at nine o’clock.

Zdania przeczące z czasownikiem to be tworzymy, dodając not po odpowiedniej formie czasu przeszłego tego czasownika. Na przykład I was not oznacza Nie byłam/Nie byłem. Formy te można również skrócić:

Powyższa zasada dotyczy także czasownika could (forma przeszła czasownika can). Przyjrzyj się przykładom:

They weren’t at the airport.

Nie było ich na lotnisku.

We couldn’t find the way back home.

Nie mogliśmy znaleźć drogi powrotnej do domu.

Pytania w czasie przeszłym tworzymy, wstawiając przed podmiot czasownik posiłkowy did, a po nim resztę zdania z czasownikiem w formie podstawowej, np.:

Did you see my wallet?

Widziałeś mój portfel?

Jeśli chcemy utworzyć pytanie dotyczące konkretnych informacji (np. gdzie, kiedy, co się wydarzyło), na początku pytania, przed did, umieszczamy odpowiedni zaimek pytający (where, when, what itp.), np.:

Where did you see my wallet?

Gdzie widziałeś mój portfel?

Ogólny schemat pytania w Past Simple wygląda następująco:

(Zaimek pytający)

Did

Podmiot

Czasownik w formie podstawowej

Reszta zdania

Did

Mary

open

the letter?

What time

did

your parents

leave

home?

Pytania z was/were oraz could tworzymy przez inwersję, to znaczy zamieniając kolejność podmiotu i orzeczenia, np.:

Where were you yesterday?

Gdzie byłeś wczoraj?

Could you read when you were five?

Czy umiałeś czytać, jak miałeś pięć lat?

Czas Past Simple stosujemy do opisu czynności, która wystapiła w przeszłości i nie ma bezpośredniego związku z teraźniejszością, np.:

I first met my best friend three years ago.

Poznałem mojego najlepszego przyjaciela trzy lata temu.

Kultura i historia

Z KNIEI NA PRERIE

Na samym początku „Czarnoksiężnika” dowiadujemy się, iż Dorotka mieszkała z wujostwem na wielkich preriach stanu Kansas. Być może właśnie dzięki takim obrazom Frankowi Baumowi udało się stworzyć książkę, która wrosła w serca kilku już pokoleń Amerykanów, a mieszkańcy innych kontynentów, czytając ją, czują się jak podczas wizyty w kraju Wuja Sama. Trudno bowiem o słowo bardziej amerykańskie niż preria. Czym jednak owe prerie są? To łąki, olbrzymie, rozległe, porośnięte trawami, bezkresne łąki zajmujące środkową część Ameryki Północnej (głównie Stanów Zjednoczonych, aczkolwiek prerie występują również w Kanadzie i Meksyku). To właśnie po takich łąkach wędrowały liczące miliony sztuk stada bizonów, to po takich łąkach uganiali się za bizonami dumni północnoamerykańscy Indianie w barwnych pióropuszach, i na takich preriach szeryfowie w kapeluszach stetson, ze złotymi gwiazdami w klapie i sześciostrzałowcami u boku ścigali złoczyńców. To przez takie prerie jechały wozy (zwane zresztą niekiedy „prairie schooners” – preriowymi statkami) amerykańskich osadników, wyruszających z wschodniego wybrzeża USA i podbijających stopniowo Dziki Zachód. W dzisiejszych czasach przez prerie, przeobrażone w większości w pola uprawne, biegną stuprocentowo amerykańskie autostrady.

Co ciekawe, ta stuprocentowo amerykańska preria jest – jak większość Amerykanów – imigrantką i pochodzi od francuskiego, identycznego w zapisie (prairie) słowa, oznaczającego łąkę. Jak pisał dwudziesty szósty prezydent USA, Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), „słowo prairie włączyliśmy do własnego języka, ponieważ gdy nasi, zamieszkujący wcześniej lasy, osadnicy dotarli do terenów Środkowego Zachodu i ujrzeli olbrzymie, naturalne łąki porośnięte wysoką trawą – widok nieznany w ciemnych i ponurych kniejach (zajmujących ówcześnie dużą część wschodnich stanów USA) – nie mieli pojęcia, jakim określić je mianem, więc zapożyczyli termin używany już przez Francuzów, którzy zamieszkali tam wcześniej”.

Z naukowego obowiązku wspomnijmy, iż francuska prairie bierze swój początek – poprzez starofrancuskie praerie (łąka, ale także pastwisko) – w łacińskim słowie pratum, oznaczającym – co za niespodzianka – łąkę.

Ćwiczenia

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Uzupełnij zdania wyrazami z ramki.

The dog was frightened, so it started to …………… .

Most fizzy drinks …………… a lot of sugar.

This …………… leads to our house.

A child whose parents are dead is a/an …………… .

We could see nothing but tall blocks on …………… side of the street.

Sheila is …………… asleep.

We keep garden tools in the …………… .

My great-grandfather is almost ……………, so you have to talk really loud.

Uzupełnij zdania czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach w czasie Past Simple.

Mary ………………………… home yesterday. (leave)

My classmates ………………………… the homework, so the teacher ………………………… angry. (not do, be)

What time …………… you …………… in Paris? (arrive)

We ………………………… hungry, so we ………………………… anything. (not be, not eat)

Carl ………………………… his mobile a week ago. (lose)

Utwórz pytania do poniższych zdań używając zaimków pytających podanych w nawiasach.

The whole family arrived at ten. (What time)

Dorothy felt frightened. (How)

Uncle Henry went to the shed. (Where)

I was late because I missed the bus. (Why)

Julia was born in 1998. (When)

Wyobraź sobie dom, w którym mieszkała Dorota i jego okolice. Opisz to miejsce w około 100 słowach.

2The Council with the Munchkins

She was awakened by a shock, so sudden and severe that if Dorothy had not been lying on the soft bed she might have been hurt. As it was, the jar made her catch her breath and wonder what had happened; and Toto put his cold little nose into her face and whineddismally. Dorothy sat up and noticed that the house was not moving; nor was it dark, for the bright sunshine came in at the window, flooding the little room. She sprang from her bed and with Toto at her heels ran and opened the door.

The little girl gave a cry of amazement and looked about her, her eyes growing bigger and bigger at the wonderful sights she saw.

The cyclone had set the house down very gently--for a cyclone--in the midst of a country of marvelous beauty. There were lovely patches of greensward all about, with stately trees bearing rich and luscious fruits. Banks of gorgeous flowers were on every hand, and birds with rare and brilliant plumage sang and fluttered in the trees and bushes. A little way off was a small brook, rushing and sparkling along between green banks, and murmuring in a voice very grateful to a little girl who had lived so long on the dry, gray prairies.

While she stood looking eagerly at the strange and beautiful sights, she noticed coming toward her a group of the queerest people she had ever seen. They were not as big as the grown folk she had always been used to; but neither were they very small. In fact, they seemed about as tall as Dorothy, who was a well-grown child for her age, although they were, so far as looks go, many years older.

Three were men and one a woman, and all were oddly dressed. They wore round hats that rose to a small point a foot above their heads, with little bells around the brims that tinkled sweetly as they moved. The hats of the men were blue; the little woman’s hat was white, and she wore a white gown that hung in pleats from her shoulders. Over it were sprinkled little stars that glistened in the sun like diamonds. The men were dressed in blue, of the same shade as their hats, and wore well-polished boots with a deep roll of blue at the tops. The men, Dorothy thought, were about as old as Uncle Henry, for two of them had beards. But the little woman was doubtless much older. Her face was covered with wrinkles, her hair was nearly white, and she walked rather stiffly.

When these people drew near the house where Dorothy was standing in the doorway, they paused and whispered among themselves, as if afraid to come farther. But the little old woman walked up to Dorothy, made a low bow and said, in a sweet voice:

“You are welcome, most nobleSorceress, to the land of the Munchkins. We are so grateful to you for having killed the Wicked Witch of the East, and for setting our people free from bondage.”

Dorothy listened to this speech with wonder. What could the little woman possibly mean by calling her a sorceress, and saying she had killed the Wicked Witch of the East? Dorothy was an innocent, harmless little girl, who had been carried by a cyclone many miles from home; and she had never killed anything in all her life.

But the little woman evidently expected her to answer; so Dorothy said, with hesitation, “You are very kind, but there must be some mistake. I have not killed anything.”

“Your house did, anyway,” replied the little old woman, with a laugh, “and that is the same thing. See!” she continued, pointing to the corner of the house. “There are her two feet, still sticking out from under a block of wood.”

Dorothy looked, and gave a little cry of fright. There, indeed, just under the corner of the great beam the house rested on, two feet were sticking out, shod in silver shoes with pointed toes.

“Oh, dear! Oh, dear!” cried Dorothy, clasping her hands together in dismay. “The house must have fallen on her. Whatever shall we do?”

“There is nothing to be done,” said the little woman calmly.

“But who was she?” asked Dorothy.

“She was the Wicked Witch of the East, as I said,” answered the little woman. “She has held all the Munchkins in bondage for many years, making them slave for her night and day. Now they are all set free, and are grateful to you for the favor.”

“Who are the Munchkins?” inquired Dorothy.

“They are the people who live in this land of the East where the Wicked Witch ruled.”

“Are you a Munchkin?” asked Dorothy.

“No, but I am their friend, although I live in the land of the North. When they saw the Witch of the East was dead the Munchkins sent a swiftmessenger to me, and I came at once. I am the Witch of the North.”

“Oh, gracious!” cried Dorothy. “Are you a real witch?”

“Yes, indeed,” answered the little woman. “But I am a good witch, and the people love me. I am not as powerful as the Wicked Witch was who ruled here, or I should have set the people free myself.”

“But I thought all witches were wicked,” said the girl, who was half frightened at facing a real witch. “Oh, no, that is a great mistake. There were only four witches in all the Land of Oz, and two of them, those who live in the North and the South, are good witches. I know this is true, for I am one of them myself, and cannot be mistaken. Those who dwelt in the East and the West were, indeed, wicked witches; but now that you have killed one of them, there is but one Wicked Witch in all the Land of Oz--the one who lives in the West.”

“But,” said Dorothy, after a moment’s thought, “Aunt Em has told me that the witches were all dead--years and years ago.”

“Who is Aunt Em?” inquired the little old woman.

“She is my aunt who lives in Kansas, where I came from.”

The Witch of the North seemed to think for a time, with her head bowed and her eyes upon the ground. Then she looked up and said, “I do not know where Kansas is, for I have never heard that country mentioned before. But tell me, is it a civilized country?”

“Oh, yes,” replied Dorothy.

“Then that accounts for it. In the civilized countries I believe there are no witches left, norwizards, nor sorceresses, nor magicians. But, you see, the Land of Oz has never been civilized, for we are cut off from all the rest of the world. Therefore we still have witches and wizards amongst us.”

“Who are the wizards?” asked Dorothy.

“Oz himself is the Great Wizard,” answered the Witch, sinking her voice to a whisper. “He is more powerful than all the rest of us together. He lives in the City of Emeralds.”

Dorothy was going to ask another question, but just then the Munchkins, who had been standing silently by, gave a loud shout and pointed to the corner of the house where the Wicked Witch had been lying.

“What is it?” asked the little old woman, and looked, and began to laugh. The feet of the dead Witch had disappeared entirely, and nothing was left but the silver shoes.

“She was so old,” explained the Witch of the North, “that she dried up quickly in the sun. That is the end of her. But the silver shoes are yours, and you shall have them to wear.” She reached down and picked up the shoes, and after shaking the dust out of them handed them to Dorothy.

“The Witch of the East was proud of those silver shoes,” said one of the Munchkins, “and there is some charmconnected with them; but what it is we never knew.”

Dorothy carried the shoes into the house and placed them on the table. Then she came out again to the Munchkins and said:

“I am anxious to get back to my aunt and uncle, for I am sure they will worry about me. Can you help me find my way?”

The Munchkins and the Witch first looked at one another, and then at Dorothy, and then shook their heads.

“At the East, not far from here,” said one, “there is a great desert, and none could live to cross it.”

“It is the same at the South,” said another, “for I have been there and seen it. The South is the country of the Quadlings.”

“I am told,” said the third man, “that it is the same at the West. And that country, where the Winkies live, is ruled by the Wicked Witch of the West, who would make you her slave if you passed her way.”

“The North is my home,” said the old lady, “and at its edge is the same great desert that surrounds this Land of Oz. I’m afraid, my dear, you will have to live with us.”

Dorothy began to sob at this, for she felt lonely among all these strange people. Her tears seemed to grieve the kind-hearted Munchkins, for they immediately took out their handkerchiefs and began to weep also. As for the little old woman, she took off her cap and balanced the point on the end of her nose, while she counted “One, two, three” in a solemn voice. At once the cap changed to a slate, on which was written in big, white chalk marks:

“LET DOROTHY GO TO THE CITY OF EMERALDS”

The little old woman took the slate from her nose, and having read the words on it, asked, “Is your name Dorothy, my dear?”

“Yes,” answered the child, looking up and drying her tears.

“Then you must go to the City of Emeralds. Perhaps Oz will help you.”

“Where is this city?” asked Dorothy.

“It is exactly in the center of the country, and is ruled by Oz, the Great Wizard I told you of.”

“Is he a good man?” inquired the girl anxiously.

“He is a good Wizard. Whether he is a man or not I cannot tell, for I have never seen him.”

“How can I get there?” asked Dorothy.

“You must walk. It is a long journey, through a country that is sometimes pleasant and sometimes dark and terrible. However, I will use all the magic arts I know of to keep you from harm.”

“Won’t you go with me?” pleaded the girl, who had begun to look upon the little old woman as her only friend.

“No, I cannot do that,” she replied, “but I will give you my kiss, and no one will dareinjure a person who has been kissed by the Witch of the North.”

She came close to Dorothy and kissed her gently on the forehead. Where her lips touched the girl they left a round, shining mark, as Dorothy found out soon after.

“The road to the City of Emeralds is paved with yellow brick,” said the Witch, “so you cannot miss it. When you get to Oz do not be afraid of him, but tell your story and ask him to help you. Good-bye, my dear.”

The three Munchkins bowed low to her and wished her a pleasant journey, after which they walked away through the trees. The Witch gave Dorothy a friendly little nod, whirled around on her left heel three times, and straightway disappeared, much to the surprise of little Toto, who barked after her loudly enough when she had gone, because he had been afraid even to growl while she stood by.

But Dorothy, knowing her to be a witch, had expected her to disappear in just that way, and was not surprised in the least.

Rozumienie tekstu

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Zaznacz właściwą odpowiedź (A, B lub C).

As Dorothy woke up, the house

was situated in a place she didn’t know.

was still moving.

had been ruined.

The people Dorothy met were

beautiful and strange.

strange and tall.

quite old.

The Wicked Witch of the East

fought against the Munchkins.

made Munchkins her slaves.

fought against the Witch of the North.

The silver shoes

were too big for Dorothy.

once belonged to the Witch of the East.

once belonged to the Witch of the North.

After the Witch of the North had disappeared,

Toto suddenly felt scared.

the Munchkins disappeared as well.

Toto felt surprised.

O słowach

SŁOWOTWÓRSTWO

„However, I will use all the magic arts I know of to keep you fromharm.”

Harm to krzywda, szkoda, zranienie. W poniższej tabeli znajdziesz inne wyrazy pochodzące od tego rzeczownika.

Część mowy

Rzeczownik

Czasownik

Przymiotnik

Przymiotnik

Przysłówek

Przysłówek

Wyraz angielski

harm

harm

harmful

harmless

harmfully

harmlessly

Znaczenie polskie

krzywda, szkoda; zranienie, skaleczenie

krzywdzić; szkodzić; ranić

szkodliwy; krzywdzący

nieszkodliwy

szkodliwie

nieszkodliwie; niewinnie

Przykład użycia

Criticizing children in front of their classmates can cause them harm.

Krytykowanie dzieci przy ich kolegach z klasy może je skrzywdzić.

I’ve never meant to harm you.

Nigdy nie chciałem cię skrzywdzić.

You must remember about the harmful effects of unhealthy diet.

Musisz pamiętać o szkodliwych skutkach niezdrowej diety.

It was just a harmless joke.

To był tylko nieszkodliwy żart.

Your irresponsible behaviour may harmfully affect others.

Twoje nieodpowiedzialne zachowanie może szkodliwie wpłynąć na innych.

The bullet passed him harmlessly.

Kula ominęła go, nie raniąc (nieszkodliwie).

SYNONIMY

„She noticed coming toward her a group of the queerest people she had ever seen.”

Przymiotnik queer (dziwny, dziwaczny) ma wiele synonimów. Oto tylko niektóre spośród nich: strange, weird, peculiar, bizarre, singular, odd.

Przymiotnik odd oznacza również nieparzysty (parzysty to po angielsku even).

Gramatyka

PAST CONTINUOUS (czas przeszły ciągły)

„Dorothy sat up and noticed that the house was not moving.”

Czasu przeszłego ciągłego używamy, kiedy mówimy o czynności, która zaczęła się przed danym momentem w przeszłości i nadal w nim trwała. W powyższym cytacie Dorotka usiadła i zauważyła, że dom nie poruszał się – ani zanim usiadła, ani później.

Zdania twierdzące w czasie Past Continuous tworzymy za pomocą czasownika posiłkowego be w czasie przeszłym (was/were) oraz czasownika z końcówką „-ing” według następującego schematu:

Podmiot

was/were

Czasownik + ing

Reszta zdania

Lucy

was

sleeping

at ten.

My parents

were

reading

magazines.

Zdania przeczące tworzymy, dodając not do czasownika posiłkowego was/were:

Podmiot

was not (=wasn’t) /were not (=weren’t)

Czasownik + ing

Reszta zdania

Lucy

wasn’t

sleeping

at ten.

My parents

were not

reading

magazines.

Pytania tworzymy przez inwersję, to znaczy zamieniamy typową dla zdania twierdzącego kolejność podmiotu i czasownika posiłkowego (was/were). Jeśli pytania dotyczą szczegółowych informacji, na początku umieszczamy zaimek pytający (np. what, where, how itd.):

(Zaimek pytający)

Was/were

Podmiot

Czasownik + ing

Reszta zdania

What

were

your parents

reading?

Was

Lucy

sleeping

at ten?

Where

were

you

driving?

Jeśli czas Past Continuous występuje obok czasu Past Simple, mamy do czynienia z dwiema czynnościami. Ta opisywana za pomocą czasu przeszłego ciągłego trwała dłużej i zaczęła się wcześniej niż sytuacja wyrażona przez czas przeszły prosty, natomiast czynność opisywana za pomocą Past Simple zakończyła lub przerwała zdarzenie opisywane w czasie Past Continuous. Ilustrują to poniższe przykłady:

I was playing a computer game when mum came home.

Grałem w grę komputerową, kiedy mama przyszła do domu.

While we were watching a horror movie, my mobile rang and scared me to death.

Podczas gdy oglądaliśmy horror, mój telefon zadzwonił i śmiertelnie mnie wystraszył.

Kultura i historia

BARDZIEJ NIŻ HALNY

Huragan, który porwał dom Dorothy Gale (swoją drogą gale oznacza nic innego jak właśnie „wichurę”), nazwany został przez autora „cyklonem”. Cóż to za słowo? Skąd się wzięło i czy istnieje jakaś istotna różnica między cyklonami, tornadami i huraganami?

Słowo cyklon narodziło się w 1848 roku w umyśle niejakiego Henry’ego Piddingtona (1797–1858), angielskiego kupca, kapitana statków, meteorologa i geologa. Około 1830 roku nasz dżentelmen zrezygnował z uganiania się za zarobkiem po morzach i oceanach (najczęściej pływał do portów wschodnich Indii i Chin) po czym – wiedziony wrodzoną żyłką naukowca – przyjął posadę kuratora muzeum geologicznego w Kalkucie i podsekretarza Bengalskiego Towarzystwa Azjatyckiego. Odtąd spędzał czas spokojnie, publikując niekiedy uczone rozprawki o szczególnie zajmujących odmianach minerałów i skał.

Jak na byłego żeglarza przystało, Piddington nie zapomniał jednak o morzu. Teraz wszakże interesowały go przede wszystkim silne wiatry i morskie burze – zjawisko w tamtych czasach znacznie groźniejsze niż dzisiaj i stanowczo słabiej poznane. Skrzętnie zbierał, notował i katalogował dane z dzienników okrętowych, udostępnianych przez kapitanów, którzy nie zawsze do końca rozumieli, co Piddington ma na celu. Działania naszego dżentelmena półoficjalnie poparły jednak władze, wydając dnia 11 września 1839 roku notatkę zalecającą dowódcom statków i okrętów „zbieranie informacji o wszelkich silniejszych niż zwykłe huraganach, wichurach tudzież innych rodzajach burz” oraz przesyłanie ich sekretarzowi rządu, który miał je przekazywać „pewnemu szacownemu uczonemu z Kalkuty (chodzi oczywiście o Piddingtona) zamierzającemu opracować je metodą naukową i uzyskane rezultaty opublikować”.

Owe „rezultaty” zostały opublikowane w 1848 roku pod tytułem „The Sailor’s Horn-Book for the Law of Storms” (Żeglarski elementarz rządzących burzami praw i zasad), w którym Piddington zaproponował, aby „mówiąc o huraganach, trąbach powietrznych, afrykańskich tornadach, samielach i samumach, które charakteryzują się okrągłym bądź wysoce zakrzywionym kierunkiem wiatru, posługiwać się terminem cyklon, z greckiego κυκλως (które między innymi oznacza wężowy zwój)”.

Obecnie cyklony powstające nad Oceanem Atlantyckim nazywa się najczęściej „huraganami” (ostatnio często można spotkać się również z określeniem „orkan”), a te rodzące się nad Oceanami Indyjskim i Spokojnym oznacza się terminem „tajfun”. „Tornado” jest z kolei inną nazwą „trąby powietrznej” – gwałtownie wirującego, powietrznego leja o niszczycielskiej sile.

Ćwiczenia

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Dopasuj poniższe wyrazy (1–8) do definicji (a–h).

wonder

plumage

brook

murmur

oddly

brim

innocent

entirely

a part of a hat

feathers

not guilty

strangely

a stream

to make a quiet sound

to think deeply

wholly

Ułóż poniższe wyrazy w odpowiedniej kolejności.

yesterday, wasn’t, Mark, working, nine, at

TV, watching, sister, me, my, called, while, were, we

your, were, classmates, twelve, playing, at, a, match?

doing, you, evening, what, were, yesterday?

entered, I, doing, the, the, homework, wasn’t, when, mum, room.

Uzupełnij poniższe zdania czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach w czasie Past Simple lub Past Continuous.

It was a lovely evening – the children ………………, we ……………… a movie and our parents ……………… in the garden and talking. (play, watch, sit)

While Jill ………………, she ………………something strange in front of her. (drive, see)

Wendy and Tom ……………… when a loud noise ……………… them. (sleep, wake)

When I ……………… the room, Mike and Rob ……………… . (enter, argue)

What ……………… your sister ……………… when I ……………… her? (do, call)

Napisz streszczenie dwóch pierwszych rozdziałów książki, używając czasów przeszłych (około 200 słów).

3How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow

When Dorothy was left alone she began to feel hungry. So she went to the cupboard and cut herself some bread, which she spread with butter. She gave some to Toto, and taking a pail from the shelf she carried it down to the little brook and filled it with clear, sparkling water. Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting there. Dorothy went to get him, and saw such delicious fruit hanging from the branches that she gathered some of it, finding it just what she wanted to help out her breakfast.

Then she went back to the house, and having helped herself and Toto to a good drink of the cool, clear water, she set about making ready for the journey to the City of Emeralds.

Dorothy had only one other dress, but that happened to be clean and was hanging on a peg beside her bed. It was gingham, with checks of white and blue; and although the blue was somewhat faded with many washings, it was still a pretty frock. The girl washed herself carefully, dressed herself in the clean gingham, and tied her pink sunbonnet on her head. She took a little basket and filled it with bread from the cupboard, laying a white cloth over the top. Then she looked down at her feet and noticed how old and worn her shoes were.

“They surely will never do for a long journey, Toto,” she said. And Toto looked up into her face with his little black eyes and wagged his tail to show he knew what she meant.

At that moment Dorothy saw lying on the table the silver shoes that had belonged to the Witch of the East.

“I wonder if they will fit me,” she said to Toto. “They would be just the thing to take a long walk in, for they could not wear out.”

She took off her old leather shoes and tried on the silver ones, which fitted her as well as if they had been made for her.

Finally she picked up her basket.

“Come along, Toto,” she said. “We will go to the Emerald City and ask the Great Oz how to get back to Kansas again.”

She closed the door, locked it, and put the key carefully in the pocket of her dress. And so, with Toto trotting along soberly behind her, she started on her journey.

There were several roads nearby, but it did not take her long to find the one paved with yellow bricks. Within a short time she was walking briskly toward the Emerald City, her silver shoes tinkling merrily on the hard, yellow road-bed. The sun shone bright and the birds sang sweetly, and Dorothy did not feel nearly so bad as you might think a little girl would who had been suddenly whisked away from her own country and set down in the midst of a strange land.

She was surprised, as she walked along, to see how pretty the country was about her. There were neat fences at the sides of the road, painted a dainty blue color, and beyond them were fields of grain and vegetables in abundance. Evidently the Munchkins were good farmers and able to raise large crops. Once in a while she would pass a house, and the people came out to look at her and bow low as she went by; for everyone knew she had been the means of destroying the Wicked Witch and setting them free from bondage. The houses of the Munchkins were odd-looking dwellings, for each was round, with a big dome for a roof. All were painted blue, for in this country of the East blue was the favorite color.

Toward evening, when Dorothy was tired with her long walk and began to wonder where she should pass the night, she came to a house rather larger than the rest. On the green lawn before it many men and women were dancing. Five little fiddlers